Peripherin-2 is a protein, that in humans is encoded by the PRPH2gene.[5][6] Peripherin-2 is found in the rod and cone cells of the retina of the eye. Defects in this protein result in one form of retinitis pigmentosa, an incurable blindness.
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four transmembrane helices. Tetraspanins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth and motility.
Peripherin 2 (sometimes referred to as peripherin/RDS or simply RDS) is a cell surface glycoprotein found in the outer segment of both rod and cone photoreceptor cells. It is located in the rim regions of the flattened disks that contain rhodopsin, which is the protein that is responsible for initiation of visual phototransduction upon reception of light. Peripherin 2 may function as an adhesion molecule involved in stabilization and compaction of outer segment disks or in the maintenance of the curvature of the rim. This protein is essential for disk morphogenesis.[6]
Defects in this gene are associated with both central and peripheral retinal degenerations. Some of the various phenotypically different disorders are autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa, progressive macular degeneration, macular dystrophy and retinitis pigmentosa digenic.[6]
^"Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^"Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
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Reig C, Serra A, Gean E, et al. (1996). "A point mutation in the RDS-peripherin gene in a Spanish family with central areolar choroidal dystrophy". Ophthalmic Genet. 16 (2): 39–44. doi:10.3109/13816819509056911. PMID7493155.
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Kikawa E, Nakazawa M, Chida Y, et al. (1994). "A novel mutation (Asn244Lys) in the peripherin/RDS gene causing autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa associated with bull's-eye maculopathy detected by nonradioisotopic SSCP". Genomics. 20 (1): 137–139. doi:10.1006/geno.1994.1142. PMID8020945.
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Nichols BE, Sheffield VC, Vandenburgh K, et al. (1993). "Butterfly-shaped pigment dystrophy of the fovea caused by a point mutation in codon 167 of the RDS gene". Nat. Genet. 3 (3): 202–207. doi:10.1038/ng0393-202. PMID8485574. S2CID9412767.
Wells J, Wroblewski J, Keen J, et al. (1993). "Mutations in the human retinal degeneration slow (RDS) gene can cause either retinitis pigmentosa or macular dystrophy". Nat. Genet. 3 (3): 213–218. doi:10.1038/ng0393-213. PMID8485576. S2CID2069405.